This paper aims to assess the Haya Karima initiative, launched by the Egyptian government in 2019 to target rural communities to achieve inclusive development and eliminate poverty.
Today, it can no longer be denied that we are in the midst of a global economic crisis, one that affects the entire planet and is of a scope unseen since the crash of 1929 shook the very foundations of the capitalist world.
The facilitation of transport and trade has recently acquired additional significance in the light of such contemporary developments as globalization.
The Euro-Mediterranean Partnership, founded in 1995, proceeded at a slow pace for a decade, with little real integrative efforts. The year 2008 will be marked as a turning point.
Before 1999, in-depth cooperation between European trade unions and the equivalent organisations from Arab regions did not exist. Apart from certain, rather ‘diplomatic’ contacts.
Según la UNCTAD, la zona mediterránea debería sufrir un retroceso de la IED inferior a la tendencia mundial (- 17%), gracias a África del Norte y Egipto.
The recent debate on the “Future of Europe” started around the time of the signature of the Treaty of Lisbon on 13 December 2007.
The year 2008 was an important one for Euro-Mediterranean trade relations. Tariffs were completely dismantled in the first southern Mediterranean country, Tunisia, within the framework of the Euro-Mediterranean Free Trade Area.
Turquía intenta diversificar su presencia en el exterior: Siria, Irán, Irak, Egipto y el Golfo, nuevos mercados de referencia, más allá de EE UU y la UE.
El gobierno cuenta con los megaproyectos, encabezados sobre todo por inversores del Golfo, para convertir a Túnez en un centro regional de servicios y negocios.
Frente a la inestabilidad económica internacional –Estados Unidos y la Unión Europea– el capital árabe cambia de destino y se dirige hacia el Magreb.
Desde 2001, los países del Magreb registran un crecimiento constante y regular del PIB, pero la volatilidad sigue siendo su principal dificultad.
Los efectos de la crisis dependerán del grado de diversificación económica, de apertura al exterior y de dependencia financiera del extranjero.
